Friable vs. Non-friable Asbestos

When preparing for asbestos abatement, it is important to determine if asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) are friable or non-friable. Friability is the degree to which a solid substance can be broken up into smaller pieces with a minimum of effort. In the case of asbestos, friable usually refers to whether the mineral can be broken down by a human hand.

Friable asbestos materials are the ones that are most dangerous. They easily release asbestos fibers into the air, and these fibers pose a significant health risk to anyone nearby.

Non-friable asbestos, on the other hand, is less likely to release fibers. Roofing material, for example, is a non-friable asbestos-containing material because the asbestos fibers are bound or locked into place. Non-friable asbestos is still a health risk, as it can be made friable if damaged or altered.

Naturally, the two types of ACMs are dealt with differently, so it is important to determine if ACMs are friable prior to any abatement procedures, demolitions or renovation activities.

The determination of friable or non-friable dictates which removal procedures, asbestos disposal techniques and safety methods will be used, as regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Non-Friable Category I and Category II Materials

To further differentiate the potential risks associated with ACMs, the EPA divides non-friable asbestos into two subcategories:

Category I Non-Friable: Includes non-friable materials which are unlikely to be made friable, due to a strong interlocking material which binds the fibers. These materials should only be removed during demolition if they are in very poor condition. Examples include vinyl floor coverings, vinyl asbestos tile, asphalt roofing products and gaskets.

Category II Non-Friable: Includes all non-friable materials which are not Category I. These materials are more likely to be made friable, as they are not resistant to weathering or crushing forces and may be subjected to extreme conditions or excessive use. Examples include cement siding, transite board shingles and concrete-like products.

Regulated Asbestos-Containing Material

Federal regulatory agencies such as the EPA consider the following asbestos materials to be potentially dangerous and thus subject to regulations during the removal or renovation process:

If a facility or home will be demolished by burning, all asbestos material, whether it is friable or non-friable, should be removed prior to the demolition procedures.

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