Mesothelioma in Young Adults & Children

What Causes Mesothelioma in Children and Young Adults?

There is no clear cause for mesothelioma in young people. The disease is spontaneous, though possible factors include toxic exposure or genetic disorders.

Mesothelioma is rare cancer most common in people over 65. There are only a few hundred cases in young adults and children worldwide.

The primary cause of this cancer in adults is occupational asbestos exposure. Most young people diagnosed with mesothelioma have no history of asbestos exposure. Asbestos-related illnesses take several decades to develop after exposure.

Researchers have looked for other potential causes in children and young adults. Mesothelioma in youth is so rare that it is challenging to study.

A study published in Oncotarget in June 2015 reviewed 12,345 mesothelioma patients. Only 2% of the patients were under 40 when they were first diagnosed.

Asbestos Exposure in Childhood

Asbestos exposure generally endangers adults working in certain jobs or the military. But children may encounter asbestos exposure in other ways, as well.

Children’s Products Containing Asbestos

Asbestos-contaminated talc has found its way into many products. These include crayons, toys and cosmetics sold to parents and children.

Before the 1980s, several U.S. brands of talcum powder and baby powder contained traces of asbestos. In some countries, other products are still made with talc that has asbestos.

In 2015, the Environmental Working Group Action Fund performed independent tests. They found asbestos in crayons and toy crime lab kits made in China.

In 2017, Claire’s and Justice recalled several cosmetic products due to asbestos contamination. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration confirmed the test results in 2019.

Asbestos in Homes and Schools

In the U.S., old asbestos construction materials are in many buildings built before the 1980s. Millions of homes and half of America’s schools contain asbestos products from the 1950s and 1960s.

Any activity that disturbs deteriorating asbestos products, such as improper maintenance or renovation work, can release toxic asbestos dust into the air.

Secondhand Exposure

When someone is exposed to asbestos in their workplace and they bring asbestos dust home, this can cause secondhand asbestos exposure among their family members.

Today, regulations require employers to provide decontamination facilities to employees who work with asbestos. Before such regulations began to be passed in the 1970s, however, secondary asbestos exposure was a major problem for many families.

Environmental Exposure

Children may be exposed to asbestos if they live in an area where asbestos is naturally found in sand or soil.

Some communities have also been directly contaminated by asbestos companies, leading to instances where children played on soil from asbestos mine tailings (such as in Libby, Montana) or piles of asbestos factory waste (such as in Ambler, Pennsylvania).

Causes Not Linked to Asbestos Exposure

Because cases of mesothelioma in children and young adults usually do not trace back to asbestos exposure, researchers have proposed other possible causes.

Radiation Exposure

Radiation exposure is a minor risk factor for mesothelioma, and there have been a couple recorded instances of pediatric mesothelioma linked to previously receiving radiation therapy for a disease called Wilms’ tumor.

Isoniazid Exposure

Childhood mesothelioma has been linked to exposure to isoniazid, an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, while in the womb.

Genetics

Children may have a genetic predisposition to mesothelioma if they are born with certain mutations in their DNA.

In 2013, a team led by Dr. Michele Carbone determined that a BAP1 gene mutation can increase a person’s risk of developing cancer after exposure to asbestiform mineral fibers.

Symptoms in Children

Regardless of a patient’s age, the symptoms of mesothelioma are usually the same, including:

Some research suggests mesothelioma may spread more quickly in pediatric cases, causing symptoms to develop sooner than in adult cases. In either case, the early signs of mesothelioma can easily be mistaken for symptoms of more common diseases.

A 2021 clinical case study of a 14-year-old boy who developed peritoneal mesothelioma discussed how radiology plays a crucial role when there are few reference cases in the pediatric population.

Treatment of Mesothelioma in Young People

Young patients receive the same types of mesothelioma treatments as older patients. The most common treatment is chemotherapy with cisplatin and pemetrexed, and the dosing schedule can be adjusted for the weight and size of children.

Younger patients are also more likely to be eligible for tumor-removing surgery, which gives them the best chance of long-term survival.

In 2015, researchers from the National Institutes of Health studied 12,345 mesothelioma patients and discovered some distinct differences among the small fraction of patients under 40.

Further, younger patients have a longer median survival and a higher five-year survival rate. This is primarily because older patients usually have additional health problems that interfere with their cancer treatment.

Stories of Mesothelioma in Youth

The following stories show that, like all forms of cancer, mesothelioma can affect anyone — even if they do not seem to have any risk factors.