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Traditional Chinese Medicine and Lung Cancer
Table Of Contents
Researchers in China have used traditional Chinese medicine involving plant-based medications for years in lung cancer clinical trials. Results of these studies suggest that Chinese herbs help some lung cancer patients cope with the side effects of cancer treatment.
Written by Michelle Whitmer | Medically Reviewed By Tejal Parekh | Edited By Walter Pacheco | Last Update: June 3, 2024
Written by Michelle Whitmer | Medically Reviewed By Tejal Parekh | Edited By Walter Pacheco | Last Update: June 3, 2024
Why Isn’t Traditional Chinese Medicine Commonly Used in the US?
U.S. clinical trials have not studied traditional Chinese herbs in lung cancer care to justify their use yet. Because mesothelioma is a rare cancer, no clinical trials on Chinese herbs for mesothelioma have occurred.
Chinese researchers have conducted such clinical trials for decades. They believe the evidence supports the use of Chinese herbs in cancer care. The use of medicinal herbs is an integral part of Chinese culture and treatment.
I tell my patients to check with their physician before starting any new medication. This is to make sure that one treatment (particularly Chinese herbs) does not interfere with another. While Chinese medicine continues to be researched, certain therapies such as acupuncture and acupressure could provide benefits in managing the myriad side effects that can occur with treatment such as chemotherapy.
Tejal Parekh, registered and licensed dietitian
Certain herbs may be helpful for mesothelioma patients. But there is no scientific evidence on the value of Chinese herbs in mesothelioma. No studies have investigated the potential risks and side effects.
Mesothelioma patients should discuss any herb or natural remedy with their doctor prior to using it to make sure it is safe.
Chinese Herbs and Lung Cancer Care
Approximately 133 Chinese herbs have been historically used in the treatment of lung cancer. The herbs used most frequently might have healing effects on lung tissue and may boost the immune system.
In 2013, PLoS One published a review of 24 Chinese clinical trials on non-small cell lung cancer and listed the most commonly used herbs.
Common Chinese Herbs
- Astragalus: Astragalus root appears to boost the immune system in clinical trials. Astragalus limits tumor growth and spreading. It reduces the immune-suppressing effects of chemotherapy. It may enhance the effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin and carboplatin. A 2012 study reported improved quality of life among lung cancer patients taking astragalus injection during chemotherapy with cisplatin and vinorelbine.
- Nan Sha Shen: Research suggests it acts as an antibiotic and may help a dry cough with little phlegm. In 2010, a study injected the herb into the peritoneum. It reported a reduction in inflammation, vascular permeability and cancer-promoting compounds.
- Gan Cao: Gan cao, also known as licorice root, acts as an expectorant that accelerates mucus secretion. Chinese medicine practitioners prescribe the herb to help coughing and shortness of breath.
- Poria: Lung cancer patients experiencing edema may get some relief from poria. The herb has diuretic effects. It may reduce production of phlegm and may help insomnia patients sleep better. A 2013 study published in the Journal of Ehtnopharmacology found it effective at relieving edema in rats.
- Oldenlandia Diffusa: This herb has shown anti-cancer and chemopreventative effects in laboratory and animal studies. In 2011, a mouse study reported reduced production of markers overexpressed in mesothelioma.
- Asparagus Root: Evidence shows anti-cancer activity against leukemia and lung cancer. A 1998 mouse study found it limited tumor necrosis factor alpha, which causes inflammation.
- Jin Fu Kang: Another common complementary therapy for lung cancer in China is jin fu kang. It is a blend of 12 herbal extracts including astragalus. It was developed at the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of lung cancer. The formula was tested for decades and was approved by the Chinese drug administration in 1999. It increases survival rates when compared to chemotherapy treatment alone.
- Yangzheng Xiaoji: Another herbal blend that is used to treat lung cancer is yangzheng xiaoji. It is a formula of 14 herbs traditionally used to treat cancer in Chinese medicine. A 2013 test tube study found that it may limit the spread of cancer cells. And it works synergistically with chemotherapy. A 2015 study found it reduced the spread of lung cancer cells in a laboratory setting.
Many Chinese cancer patients begin taking astragalus before they receive chemotherapy. It often improves survival and lessens side effects. No high-quality studies of astragalus use in cancer patients have been conducted in the U.S.
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Get Your Free GuideBenefits, Risks Remain Unknown in US Clinical Trials
Clinical trials on herbal medicine in cancer care are uncommon in the U.S, and this contributes to a lack of scientific consensus in America.
For example, a 2022 study conducted in China compared the effects of combining traditional Chinese medicine herbal remedies with chemotherapy in cervical cancer patients. A control group received only chemotherapy, while an observation group received both chemotherapy and herbal remedies.
The observation group that received herbal remedies had better immune system cell counts and experienced fewer adverse reactions to chemotherapy. These kinds of studies have yet to be conducted in the United States.
In 2013, BioMed Central Complementary and Alternative Medicine, a British medical journal, published a review of nearly 3,000 Chinese clinical trials on cancer dating back to 1911 and reported that 72% of the studies combined conventional cancer treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. The review reported on the benefits and risks of Chinese medicine in these cancer studies.
Benefits and Risks of Chinese Medicine
| Benefits | Risks |
|---|---|
| Biomarker level improvement (42%) | Allergic reactions |
| Clinical symptom improvement (56%) | Genetic damage |
| Quality of life improvement (38%) | Herb-drug interactions |
| Reduced tumor size (29%) | Genetic damage |
| Reduction of treatment side effects (37%) | Poisoning from improperly prepared herbs |
Until the U.S. invests in clinical trials on the effects of Chinese medicine in cancer care, the scientific consensus will remain unclear. For now, most U.S. doctors refrain from recommending herbs to cancer patients because of a lack of research on proper dosing, drugs interactions and potential side effects.
Working With a Practitioner
Before working with a Chinese medicine practitioner, cancer patients need to know that most Chinese medicine practitioners are not licensed medical doctors in the U.S. They may be referred to as traditional Chinese medicine doctors, but unless they went through conventional medical school, training and licensing in the U.S., they are not considered a licensed medical doctor in the United States.
Because most Chinese medicine practitioners do not have a formal medical background, they haven’t received the in-depth training that an oncologist has received to diagnose and treat cancer patients. For this reason, it is important for cancer patients considering herbal medicine to discuss it with their oncologist first. Your oncologist can warn you of potential drug interactions or unwanted side effects of herbal medicine. Print out any research you found on the herbs you’d like to take and bring them to your oncologist to review.
Do your research and consult with the medical staff treating you. It may also be helpful to talk to a dietitian. Bear in mind that too much of anything, even a good thing, can be bad for you, so don’t overdo it on the vitamins and supplements and always inform your physician.
Michael Cole, pleural mesothelioma survivor
For patients who do choose to learn more about Chinese medicine after consulting with their oncologist, working with a licensed Chinese medicine practitioner can make the process of obtaining and taking Chinese herbs easier for patients. Experienced practitioners not only know the best sources for Chinese herbs, but they can also blend each patient’s unique prescription of various herbs into one capsule to simplify administration.
The intricacies of Chinese herbal medicine and how specific herbs are prescribed to each patient are highly personalized. The Chinese medicine practitioner considers many individual aspects of each patient before prescribing herbs. They conduct a complete medical history of the patient and a full assessment of their current state of health. They may examine your tongue or the outside of your ear. The latter is a part of acupuncture philosophy.
Many details about your health will be collected and considered when deciding which herbs to prescribe. As a result, it isn’t highly recommended for someone to start taking Chinese herbs without consulting an experienced practitioner.
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